Machine for making brushes.



2 0 m M L c 0 d B t n e .t a P u R 0 F M U M F I 5 6 .n .n N

MACHINE FOR MAKING BRUSHES.

{Application filed Aug. 1 8, 1900.)

5 Sheets-Shea I.

IWVENTOR (-No Model.)

WI TJVESSES TIME norms PEYERS co. mom-urns wAswlnmom n. c.'

Patented Oct. [4, I902.

J. F MUMFORD. MACHINE FOR MAKING BRUSHES.

(Application filed Aug. 18, 1900.)

5 Sheots8heet 2.

(No Model.)

INVENTQR:

N gsi WITNESSES: PS

Patented Oct. I4, I902. J. F. MUMFURD.

MACHINE FOR MAKING BRUSHES.

(Application filed Aug, 18, 1900.)

5, $heets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

INVENTOR:

WITN ESSES:

No. 7!],065. atented Oct. l4, I902. I J. F. mumronu.

MACHINE FOR MAKING BRUSHES.

(Application filed Aug. 18, 1900.)

5 SheetsSheet 4..

(In .Ilodel.)

INVENTOR: 4*? W WITNESSES:

No. 7ll,065.

.1. F. mumroan.

MACHINE FOR MAKING BRUSHES.

Patented Oct. 14, I902.

(Applicaition filed Aug. 18, 1900.

5 Sheets-Sheet -5.

(No Model.)

QN EN k INVENTOR:

WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH F. MUMFORD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR MAKING BRUSHES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 711,065, dated October14, 1902.

Application filed August 18,1900- Serial No. 27,352. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH F. Il/IUMFORD, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia,State ofPennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Machines forManufacturing Brushes, which improvement is fully set forth in thefollowing specification and accompanying drawings.

The object of my invention is to provide a machine for the automatic,continuous, and rapid manufacture of half brush-knots, said half-knotsto be subsequently made up into brushes used for various purposes, suchas lather-brushes, paint or varnish brushes, &c. and it consists of halfbrush-knots in which the bristles are bound between two continuousstrips of thin sheet metal, one of the strips having tongues slittherein and bound by said tongues to the other strip, which hasperforations cut therein, the mass of bristles being then bound togetherwith wires through aforesaid strips and are then ready to be made upinto brushes. 7

Generally stated, my improved machine,

considered as an entirety, in its preferred.

form comprehends, first, mechanism for holdiug and rocking a charge ofbristles; second, mechanism to deliver the bristles from the rockers tothe forms; third, a series of forms and cups to hold and carry thebristles around the machine for manipulation; fourth, mechanism toimpart an intermittentrotary motion to the forms and cups; fifth, meansto impart a vibratory motion to the cups; sixth, mechanism to close andcompress the bristles; seventh, means to cement the ends of thebristles; eighth, mechanism to slit tongues in a strip of sheet metal ofselected'width; ninth, mechanism to pass said strip into recesses andconvey said strip to bristles; tenth, means to upset the tongues in saidstrip against another strip, also of selected width; eleventh, mechanismto perforate the mass of bristles and strips and also force a piece ofwire through the said perforation and cutting the wire therefrom;twelfth, means to clench projecting ends of wire against sides of stripsto hold all the parts securely together, and means to regulate a portionof said machine. All the aforesaid mechanism is contemporaneouslyoperated in the running of the machine.

In the accompanying drawings I show and herein I describe a good form ofaconvenient embodiment of my invention, the particular subject-matterclaimed as novel being hereinafter definitely'set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a machineembodying a good form of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view in frontelevation, showing that portion of the machine in which the rocking anddelivery mechanisms are located. Fig. 3 is an end view of Fig. 2 on thedotted line 5c {13, Fig. 1, showing that portion of the apparatus forturning the rockers anddelivering the bristles to the forms. Fig. 4 isan enlarged View in perspective of one of the rockers with the gripclosed by a cam. Fig. 5 is another View of the aforesaid rockerwith thegripreleased from the aforesaid cam. Fig. 6 is a view ofa ratchetemployed in turning the rockers. Fig. 7-is aview in side elevation,sight being taken on the supposed dotted line YY,'Fig.1. With this Viewis shown a section of one of the forms and its movements,section beingshown on the dotted line T T, Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a view of a portion ofone of the binding-strips. Figs. 0 and 10, respectively, are views ofthe rockers, bristles, and bending-bar, showing positions assumed inaction. Fig. 11 is a view in side elevation of the cement-pot withsupply and delivery mechanism. Fig. 12 is a view of one of thebinding-strips, showing the slitted portion with the tongues projectingtherefrom. Fig. 13 is a view of radial arm witha portion of stand, thecom- 'pressor-rod and shoulder, and cam-roller.

Fig. 14 is a sectional View of Fig. 13 on dotted lines W W. Fig. 15 is aperspective view of the compressor. Fig. 16 is a top plan offorming-wheel on a supporting-plate G2 and binding mechanisms, showingmetal strip, forming-die, and punch for slitting tongues in the strips,forming the strips in recesses in the forming-wheel, conveying same tobristles, and upsetting and bindingthe tongues against another strip,said plan being taken separately from Fig. 1, as it would obscure viewin said Fig. 1. The position said plate G will occupy when in place overthe forms on Fig. 1 is shown by the dotted lines G G G G in said Fig. 1.Fig. 17 is aview in front elevation of the forming-wheel and theupsetting and driving mechanism. Fig. 18 is a view of a portion of theforming-wheel, showing recesses and projections with a portion of themetal strip formed therein. Fig. 19 is a separate view of the upsettingdevice, showing the jaws in action on the tongues in the metal strip.Figs. 20 and 21 are, respective1y,views of a plan and elevation of theforming-die. Figs. 22 and 23 are also views of a plan and elevation ofthe punch for slitting the metal strip. Fig. 24 is a top plan view ofthe device with the bristles bound by the two metal strips and ready tobe bound by the wires. The clenching device on the supporting-plate isalso shown in this View. Fig. 25 is a top plan view of the device toperforate and wire the mass of bristles and strips together. Fig. 20 isa view in side elevation, showing a portion of Fig. 25. Fig. 27 is aView in rear elevation of Fig. 25, showing the shifting device anddriving mechanism. Fig. 28 is a front view in perspective of a sectionof the finished half-knots. Fig. 29 is a rear view of Fig. 28. Figs. 30and 32 are views in front and side elevations of the bristle-carryingforms. Fig. 31 is an enlarged plan view of the radial arm, bristle-form,bristle-compressor,compressor rod and roller with spring, and a portionof cam to operate the compressor. In this figure is also shown a view ofthe screw-cam which operates a part of the machine. Fig. 33 is a view inelevation of a part of my apparatus to regulate the speed of a portionof the machine which carries the cams.

In the organization of my improved machine as shown in the accompanyingdrawings the operative parts are mounted upon and in connection with asuitable framework or support (designated A) and which, provided itserves to support the working parts in operative position, can be of anypreferred form.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalfigures.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the table-top of machine, inwhich is journaled a main driving-shaft K, the latter being providedwith a driving-pulley J and. a loose pulley J Secured to the shaft K isa gear R which meshes with a similar gear B and fastened to a shaft Krunning at right angles to shaft K, and also jou rnaled to table A. Tothe front end of shaft K is fastened a worm B, which engages the gear Mmounted on a movable stud M in the stand H (See Fig. 33.) Also journaledto the table A is what I call the cam-shaft K and running at rightangles to shaft K to a part of which is fastened the gear L whichmeshing with the gear M receives motion therefrom, which motion iscommunicated to the shaft K and the cams mounted thereon, shafts K, Kand tened, and mounted loosely thereon is the gear-plate B, upon whichis fastened a series of stands D D D D D D D D with radial arms E E E EE E E E said stands also supporting an equal number of forms 0, Figs. 1and 7.

Secured to the driving-shaft K and in mesh with the gear Bis a screw-camK the thread thereof running idle a portion of its turn and the otherpart of its turn engaging a tooth of the gear-plate B and moving saidgear for ward a tooth to each revolution of the driving-shaft K, thusimparting an intermittent forward movement to the gear-plate and all itsfixed appendages, Figs. 1 and 31.

Located on what I call the front of machine and partly over thegear-plate B are two frames or housings G G,in and through which aremounted and running the instrumentalities for turning the bend in thebristles and then delivering the bristles to the forms 0. (See Figs. 1,2, 3, and 7.)

Fastened to the frames G G are the brackets M M M in which are journaledtwo rocker-shafts V V. Upon each shaft are fastened at right anglesthereto four blades P P the blades P on rocker-shaft V being plain,while the blades P on rocker-shaft V are supermounted by the grip-frameb, the said frame being acted upon by the spring .9 and controlled bythe cam 19*, Figs. 4, 5, and 7, said grip-frame being also supported andguided by the shaft V. A supply of the bristles i sufficient to fill oneset of the forms 0 is placed on the rocker-blades P and P so that theends of said bri tles will rest on one blade of each rocker and lie in ahorizontal position on the said blades, the ends of the bristlesabutting against the sides of the blades, which rise at right angles tothe blades upon which they are resting, (see Figs. 1 and 7,) the rootends of the bristles being always placed on the blade on shaft V, thebristles being held centrally in position by the bender-bar Q, workingon a stud-bolt Q, which is fastened to an arm of the bracket M, theother end of the bar being fastened bya screw Q to a brace M said bracebeing fastened by the ends to the brackets M and M the bar Q beingraised upward when it is desired to place a supply of bristles on therockers P and P Only an end section of the bar Q is shown in Fig. 7, thebracket M and the gearing mounted thereon being removed so as to showthe cam 19 and the ends of the rockers the more clearly.

Journaled through the arm of bracket M is a shaft S to which are securedtwo mitergears F F said gears meshing with two other similar gears F Fand fastened to the ends of the rocker-shafts V V, Figs. 1 and 3.

On and near the end of shaft S and above the cam-shaft K an opensemicircular frame a is loosely mounted, and within a portion of theframe and bearing upon the same shaft S a ratchet-wheel O is securelyfastened. To the upper part of the frame a and work- IIO ing throughguides in said frame and over the ratchet C is a pawl a, said pawl beingkept in close contact with a tooth of said ratchet by the spring 5 theratchet O having just four teeth out thereon at equal distances apart,(see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 6,) the object of the pawl and ratchet beingthrough the action of levers (to be hereinafter described) to impartrotary motion to the shaft S and the gears F F mounted thereon, saidgears meshing with like gears F and F on the rocker-shafts V and V, sothat the rockers may be revolved one-quarter of a turn at a time.

Pivoted to the frame a at a point tangential to the shaft S is a shortlever d, from which is also hung a longer lever d, the long lever beingslotted at lower end to allow cam-shaft K to pass through the said slotand act as a convenient guide to said lever cl, Fig. 3.

To one side of lever d is a projection f", to which is fastened a pin 3which passes through the guides 71 Over the pin and below the guides isplaced a spring 3 and a roller-pin o is secured to the lever d justabove the slot, said pin being adapted to engage a cam L which issecured to shaft K the pin being kept in contact with the cam by thespring 5 Figs. 2 and 3, the function of the cam L being to lift thelevers cl (1, and thus turn the frame a carrying the pawl around theratchet until it engages a tooth thereon. The spring .9 being drawn toextreme tension, will when the pin 71 1s released from said cam draw thelevers down and turn the rockers one-fourth a revolution and no more. Bythe action described a charge of bristles will be delivered to the forms0 from the rockers P P. (See Figs. 2, 3, 7.)

On the portion of the shaft I, working through the housing G and thebracket M and over the groove J, a small pinion S is mounted, saidpinion being adapted to carry a key fitting loosely in the groove J, thepinion, by means of the key, imparting a rotary motion to the shaft Iand allowing said shaft to reciprocate in a line parallel with its axiswithout causing any lateral displacement to said pinion, the pinionhaving a neat fit between the housing G and bracket M, the bracket beingcut away partly in Figs. 1 and 2, so as to show the pinion S the moreclearly, but is shown more fully in Fig. 7.

Immediately under and in mesh with the pinion S is a toothed segment P,fulcrumed on a stud F the bottom end of the sector having a roller-pinfattached thereto, said pin being always kept in contact with a cam E onshaft K by the spring 3 Figs. 2 and 7, the function of the segment P, inmesh with the pinion S being by the agency of the cam E on the cam-shaftK to impart a semirotary motion to the shaft I and the parts attached tosaid shaft at regular periods.

On the shaft I, between the housings G G and in line with the grip-frameb, a double eccentric or two-spur cam b is securely fastened, one spurof said cam being longer than the other and adapted to engage at regularperiods and keep closed the grip-frame b and also impart a rockingmotion to the rockers. A spring 3 is also placed on the shaft I betweenthe housing G and the cam Z), the tension of said spring always keepinga cam P on the other end of shaft I against another eccentric f, thefunctions of shaft I, the spurcam b and the cam P to be hereinafter morefully described.

(L12 designates a bristle holder and guide supported by the upright barT thebottom end of said bar working on a stud fastened to the stand 77,said stand being secured to the table A. The upright bar T with bristleholder and guide a is operated or caused to work to and from thebristles i by means of the lever J Figs. 2 and 7, one end of said leverworking on a stud affixed to the upright bar T the other end of thelever being slotted and through which slot passes the cam-shaft K, theslot being long enough to allow the lever to reciprocate backward andforward and also forms a convenient bearing over the cam-shaft K. =Onand near the end of the lever, but outside the cam-shaft K, a roller andpin f is affixed, said roller being adapt ed to ride in contact with theface of the cam E said cam being secured to the cam-shaft K the cam inits revolution drawing the lever J outward and also the bar T withbristle guards and holders aZdown and away from the forms 0, thusallowing said forms to be open and free to receive a charge of bristlesfrom the rockers P and P Immediately after the bristles have beendelivered to the forms 0 the lever J being released from the cam E byreason of a depression in face of said cam, the spring 5 will return thebristle holder and guides at to the forms and hold the bristles in theirplace for a definite period.

P and P Figs. 9 and 10, are end views of bristle-rockers and show thepositions which the bristles 2' will assume when being rocked.

In Fig. 9 by the upward movement of blades of the rockers P and P thebristles'will be worked upward and centrally against the bending-bar InFig. 10 by the downward movement of the said rockers the bristles arecaused to abut against the sides of the rockerblades. These movementsrepeated for a definite period will cause the bristles to turn andarrange themselves according to their natural curve and remain so curvedwhile passing through the machine.

Radiating from the center of the gear-plate B and secured to the saidplate is a series of stands D D D D D D D D and having secured to theirrespective ends the radial arms E E E E E E E E (See Figs. 1 and 7.) Tothe outer end of each radial arm a double-bristle form 0 is attached.These IIO which brushes are madeeither round, fiat,

or oval. In the drawings a circular form is shown and is adapted to formhalf brushknots for lather-brushes, sash-tools, or stencil-brushes, theforms, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 7, and Figs. 30 and 32 beingmade so that each double form contains within its respective section twosemicircular forms of the same size, the object of forms being to holdloosely within their respective radii sufficient of the bristles i toform a half brushknot-that is, each section or double form will holdenough bristles to make two halfknots. The several double forms orsections are secured to the radial arms so that their outside linewill'be over the outside line of the gear-plate 13. (See Fig. 1, Fig. 2,Fig. 7, and Fig. 31.)

Fnlcrumed to each of the stands D D D D D D D D are levers L to theouter ends of which and beneath the forms 0 are attached thebristle-cups M the insides of which are formed so as to hold and givethe bristle ends a. rounded or beveled contour.

The inner ends of thelevers L ride in contact with a cam J secured tothe stud O, and will cause the levers to rise or lower, as may berequired. When the levers L are parallel to the face of the gear-plateB, the cups M are in a position to hold and contour the ends of thebristles t. (See Fig. 7.)

R designates a curved belt or apron extending around a large part of themachine and so arranged that the inner or concave side is always inclose contact with the outside edges of the forms 0 and keeping thebristles t' intact in said forms, the apron beginning at a point withinthe housing G and ending at the clenching-platep, said apron beingsupported by the stands R fastened in the table A, Fig. 1, Fig. 2, andFig. '7.

It is obvious that the sizes and shapes of the cups and forms can bemade to suit the requirement of the brush halfknot to be formed.

A portion of the stand D all of radial arm E and compressor-bar a,together with a part of the compressor F is shown in section in Fig. '7and clearly illustrates the working parts thereof, the section beingtaken on the dotted line T T, Fig. 1.

In the socket (Z in the stand D (see section in Fig. 7) the radial arm Eis held securely in position by the lug Z2 and set-screw f a is acompressor-bar having two shoulders N on one end thereof, said bar aworking through a hole in the radial arm E the shoulders N being guidedby and working in a slot E. In the radial arm E on the other end of thecompressor-bar a roller 0 is affixed, the said roller being adapted toride against a stationary cam H and kept in contact therewith by meansof the spring of, said spring being held in place over the arm E by theform 0, the spring bearing also against the inside of the compressor F,the outside or rear end of the compressor bearing against the shouldersN of the compressor-bar a, and

thus forcing the roller 0 hard against the cam H. (See Figs. '7, 13, and14.) Now in the movement of the forms 0 around the machine the bristles2' at the point F are first compressed by means of the compressor-bar aworking against the said cam H, the compression thus affected forcingand holding the bristles 1' against the guard or apron R and hold themthus compressed while they move around the machine for operations (to bedescribed hereinafter) and they have reached a point where the operativeparts cease to act upon the bristles. Then the roller 0, being releasedfrom the face of the cam 11 by reason of a depression in its face, thespring a will force the compressor F and bar a back, so as to leave thebristles and parts attached thereto free to leave the forms 0, the guardR at this point also receding away from the form. (See Figs. 1 and 7.)The formso are now open and free to receive a new supply of the bristleswhen they reach their position under the rockers P and P, as at F, Fig.1.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the radial arm and compressor-bar a,with the shoulder N showing the movement of said bar and shoulderthrough the groove E when forcing the compressor against the bristles.Fig. 14 is a section on the-dotted lines W W, Fig. 13, and shows thecompressor-bar within said arm.

One of the compressors is shown in perspective in Fig. 15. The viewillustrates the preferred form for making a round brush and shows thetop and bottom and a portion of the rear end with a hole therein, saidhole working over the radial arm and guiding the compressor.

Secured to the table A is the stand 2', on which loosely mounted in thestud-screw 2' is a semicircular rim R passing partly around the leftside of the machine and directly under the cup-levers L Attached to theunder side of said rim and over the shaft K is a spur i Fig. 7. Securedto and rotating on the shaft K is a spur-wheel N said spur contacting inits rotation with the spur '5 on the rim R and alternately lifting anddropping the rim, which in turn imparts a vibratory motion or shock tolevers L and cups M and causing the ends of the bristles held in thecups to assume whatever shape or contour the insides of the cups may be.

The cement-pot J occupies a position in what I call the rear of themachine, Figs. 1 and 7, and consists of an ordinary metal vessel andholds the cement O and is mounted on the stand F which is secured to thetable A, the sides of the pot being straight and flat, while the endsare of circular form. (See Figs. 1, 7, and 11.) In bearings convenientlylocated inside the cement-pot J travels a shaft 2' on which is mounted abroadfaced hub K to the face of which is fastened side by side a numberof flexible disks N Figs. 1, 7, and 1].. Fastened to one side of the potJ is a long bracket 1), and on the opposite side of the pot another butshorter bracket b is also fastened, and in the two brackets is journaledthe shaft t Figs. 1, 7, and 11. To said shaft is secured a sectionalcementing-wheel B composed of a number of thin metal disks a betweenwhich are also interposed a number of thickerdisks, but of smallerdiameter. (See Figs. 1, 7, and 11.) On the shaft i is also fastened agear-wheel f which meshes with a very small pinion a, mounted on a shortshaft 2', which is journaled in the bracket 1), on which a boss has beencast to afford the necessary bearing, Figs. 1 and 7. To the outside endof shaft i an eccentricf is fastened and will abut against the eccentricP on shaft I when said eccentric P is in alinement therewith, Figs. 1and 7. On the extreme end of shaft 1' is mounted securely asprocket-wheel 1), Figs. 1 and '7, part of which is cut away to show theshaft I. Over said sprocket passes the sprocket chain f which in turnpasses around the sprocket-wheel f" of the same diameter as sprocket b,the sprocket f being mounted on driving-shaft K and receiving motiontherefrom imparts the same to the chain f which in turn drives thecements wheels and all the parts adj unctive thereto in the brackets Z)and 11', Figs. 1 and 7.

In Fig. 16, G designates a stationary plate of special form, said platebeing keyed to the stud C, and thus held rigidly thereto. The plate G isshaped so that a portion of its edge will project over some of the formscontaining the bristles i in that portion of the machine over thevibrator R the object of having the plate G2 projecting beyond the lineof the bristles 'i being to preventsaid bristles from working out at thetop of the forms 0, while the cups M holding the bristles, are beingsubjected to the shock or action of the vibrator R, as the bristles havea great tendency to work out or away from the forms while beingsubjected to the action of the vibrator R, (see Figs. 1, 7, and 16,) theposition of the plate G being shown in Fig. l by the dotted lines G G GG because a full view of the working parts thereon would have obscuredso much that was necessary to be shown in said Fig. 1. It will be seen,however, that at a point just before the bristles in forms 0 will reachthe cementing-wheel B the plate G recedes or curves away from the topsof the bristles and allows them to have a free pass, so that all thework necessary to be done on said bristles can be done and said plateoffers no further obstruction, all of which will he explained, (see Fig.1,) the primary function of the plate G being to hold and carry all theinstrumentalities for punching, forming, and placing in position one ofthe binding-strips M.

Arranged on the top of the plate G Fig. 1b, are the devices to slit andform a sheet- A is a reel loosely mounted on the plate G upon which iswound the strip M.

e and 6 represent tension -rollers, which pass and guide aforesaid metalstrip.

Secured by a stud f to the plate G is a forming-wheel G which has aseries of recesses C out in its face, as in Figs. 16 and 18, the saidrecesses being similar to the shape and form of the bunches of bristles2', produced by the compressors F to F The recesses C" do not entirelytake up the face of the forming-wheel, there being a space between eachrecess to be occupied by a portion of the strip M, for a purpose to behereinafter described. Secured to the top of the formingwheel C andtraveling on the same stud is the gear B said gear and forming-wheelbeing of the same diameter, Fig. 16, the gear B being partly cut away,so as to show a portion of the recess-wheels more clearly.

Rotating on a stud in plate G: and in register with the recesses O inwheel 0 is the forming-die N the form of which bears a relation to theshape of recesses 0 In the spaces between the circularends of said formsa die L is cut on both sides, (see Figs. 20 and 21,) said dies beingalso in register with a punch J Fastened to the top of formingdie N andworking on same stud is a gearf (See Fig. 16.) Also traveling on a studin plate G is a rotating punch J the function of said punch being whenin register with the forming-die to slit tonguesm in the metal strip M.Fastened to the top of the punch J and running on the same stud is agear o said gear meshing with the gearf and also with the intermediateBiwhich in turn meshes with the gear I3 on forming-Wheel C the functionof the circular ends of the formingdie being to carry the slitted stripM into the recesses O of the forming-wheel, the die I) also causing thetongues m to be forced outward by a projection to be described. (SeeFigs. 16, 22, and 23.)

In the center of the spaces before referred to, between the recesses O"in the formingwheel 0 there is a segmental projection K occupyingcentrally about one-fourth the width of the face in said space. (SeeFigs. 7, 16, 17, and 18.) Now when the bindingstrip M has been slittedand the portion between the tongues m has been drawn within the recessesC by the circular ends of the forminglie N the other part of the stripM, with the tongues cut therein, will be forced against the projection Kby the face of the die L acting on the portions of the strip M on bothsides of the tongues m and thus setting the tongues against theprojection K, where they will remain until the formingwheel 0 in itsrevolution will present the tongues m to be clenched throughperforations in another wider strip Secured to the table A is the standA, upon metal strip M and secure said strip around which and in linewith the forming-wheel C is mounted the reel 0 arou nd which is wound athe tops of the bristles i in the forms 0.

IIO

sheet-metal strip B said strip being perforated at regular intervals, asat f, throughout its entire length. Also fastened to the table A is thestand or frame H Figs. 16 and 17. Jourualed in the frame is a verticalshaft G to the lower end of which is fastened a gear G said gear beingin mesh with the large gear B. To the top end of said shaft is alsofastened a gear f of the same diameter as gear G the gear f being inmesh with and driving gear B on forming wheel O (See Figs. 16 and 17.)Also journaled in the arms of frame H and projecting above the arms arethe shafts g and 3 Between the arms and fastened to said shafts are thegears b and secured to the gears by the circular plates 11 y is a pairof recessed jaws f and f, set at a tangent to the axis of the plates p11. On the extended tops of shafts y 3 is placed a pair of springs fsaid springs having a tendency to always keep the jaws f f open whensaid jaws are not closed by the cam A Figs. 16, 17, and 19. On the topof the shaft 3 a barf is fastened, said bar having apinf attached to theend thereof the pin being adapted to contact with the face of the cam Asaid cam being fastened to the gear f, a part of the cam being cut awayso as to show the union of the gears f and B The cam A is circular inform and has a depression cut in its face. Now when the face of the camrides against the pin f it will hold the bar f and the jaws f and f willbe closed and kept closed until the cam in its rotation will present theaforesaid depression to the pin f when barf influenced by the springs fon the shafts 19 will drop into the said depression and open outwardlythe jaws f and f, so that they will engage and turn back the tongues min the strip M, the said jaws being, as aforesaid, fastened to the gearsb said gears meshing witheach other, the cam A returning the bar f andclosing the jaws f and f again, Figs. 16, 17, and 19. Now it is evidentthat at a point in the revolution of the cam A the bar f will bereleased, and the jaws f f will through the influence of springs f openoutwardly and working at a tangent to their axis engage the tongues mwhich have been presented by the formingwheel O the said tongues havingbeen pushed through the perforations f in the wide strip B by theprojections K and turn and upset the tongues back and against the stripB, so as to hold and clench the two strips M and B and the bristles t'firmly together. The jaws f and f will then by the agency of the cam Abe closed again. (See Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, 28, and 29.) The gear Greceiving motion from gear B, will through gearf impart its motion togear B which ineturn will move the gears B O f all the respective partsworking in correct time and harmony.

Secured to the table A is the frame E in which is journaled a verticalshaftf", to the ends of which are secured miter-gears d (1 (See Figs. 8and 16.)

the lower gear (1 meshing with a similar gear at, which is fastened tothe shaft K the upper gear being in mesh with and driving alike gear don a shaft 6 said shaft being journaled in the uprights of the frame EFigs. 25, 26, and 27.) On the shaft e are respectively fastened threecams e n 6 whose functions are to impart during their revolution acertain movement to the perforating, wiring, and wire-cutting devices,Figs. 25 and 26.

H Fig. 26, represents a bar which supports and carries the partsrequired to perforate and wire the bristles 7; and strips m and B Thebar H is mounted in the stand J, said stand being secured to the tableA, the bar H and bar-head r being moved on its axis in the stand f bythe cams e n e by the rotation of shaft e", to which said cams aresecured, the bar H being always kept in contact with the cams by thespringf bearing hard against front of said bar, the spring f being alsofastened to the stand f n and n are respectively the lower and upperjaws of a form of pliers adapted to move a wire forward, the lower jaw'12 being stationary and part of bar-head r and the upper jaw 72 movingon the stud f said stud f being attached to the bar-head, the movablejaw 02 being closed over the wire '1" by the cam e in the forwardmovement of barhead 1' said jaw n being released from cam in the returnmovement of bar head Working on the stud f and beside the wire jaw 71 isa cutting nipper or shear 1' the shear of which will slightly overlapthe lower stationary jaw n and will in its downward movement by the cam1 cut the wire 1' from the portion forced through the bristles,Fig.26.

S is a sharp angular punch, slightly curved and held rigidly in thebar-head r by the setscrew (P.

W of are fiat springs held in place by the plate f, said plate beingsecured to the barhead 7*, said springs lifting the jaw n and shear 7'when same are released from the cams on the return movement of thebarhead 7*.

Secured to back of the frame E is a curved pipe P through which-iscarried the Wire 1' from the reel of, mounted on the frame-arm r, Fig.26.

In the end of shaft 6 toward the front of the machine a groove orchannel 3 is cut, the said gear 01 imparting motion to the shaft 6 bymeans of a key fastened in said gear and working in the groove .9. Thiswill allow the shaft e to have a lateral movement, so that the lever hfulcrumed in the frame E, said lever being secured to the bar 2 by theshoulder-screw 77. and operated by the cam 02 on the cam-shaft K, thebar 6 working over the cam-shaft K and having a rollerpin e attached tothe end thereof, said pin working against the cam n and can push theshaft 6", with the cams e n 6 out of line or contact with theperforating, wiring, and

(See

wire-cutting devices and hold said shaft for a period, when the bar 6being released from the cam n the spring 8 on the other end of shaft 6will return said shaft to position and again bring the cams c n e intoaction, all the aforesaid cams, bar-head, punching, wiring, and shearingdevices being timed and in harmony of movement.

Fastened to the plate G2 is a bearing 9, through which slides a bar psaid bar having a groove h in the center thereof, said bar also having alateral movement through the bearing and guided by a key I in the top ofsaid bearing a. On one end of the bar 13 a roller 0* is affixed. Aspring .9 on the barp will always keep the roller in contact with thewires r and metal strip M and cause the wire ends to be turned over andclenched as they successively present themselves to the said roller r.

p is a stand, also secured to the said table A, and mounted on the standand in line with the bristle-wires r is a curved plate W, a portion ofthe convex side of which is always in contact with the ends of the wires0* when they pass and will turn said wires down and clench them againstthe strip The worm-gear B, in combination with gears M and L, Figs. 1,2, and 33, is used to regulate the speed of shaft K, as it is desiredthat cam-shaft K shall make but one revolution for each section of theforms 0, thus bringing all the operative parts dependent on cams mounted011 cam-shaftK in action once during the passage of said section, asection being that portion included in the space 00- cupied by one ofthe forms and one of the compressors.

Obviously my improved machine may be constructed with a greater or lessnumber of forms, and obviously the shapes and sizes of the forms may bechanged to suit the requirements of the half brush-knots to be formedwithout departing from the spirit of the invention.

The operation of the machine in detail is as follows: The quantity ofbristles required for a section of the forms 0 is delivered by anyconvenient means to the rocker P P and the bending-bar fastened inplace. The machine being started, the vibrator-shaft I and cam 11receiving motion from the gearing mounted on the cement-pot J imparts arapid vibratory motion to the blades P P. The

, result of such action on the bristles i will cause them to assume acurve natural to themselves,bel'ore referred to. This step in theoperation is known technically as turning the bend, the action beingwell illustrated in Figs. 0 and 10, where the upward strokes ofrocker-blades, Fig. 9, will cause the bristles to work centrally againstthe bar Q, and in the downward movement, Fig. 10, the bristle ends willabut against the blades, said movements causing the bristles to assumetheir natural curve, for no matter how carefully the bristles may bestraightened before being placed in the machine there is always a slightnatural curl or bend left in the bristles. In some bristles, moreparticularly the longer ones, this bend is more pronounced, and in themovements just described the bristles will be all turned, so that theiruaturalcurve or bend will always bein one direction. After being rockedfor a period the bristles are ready to be delivered to the forms 0,which in their movement around the machine will successively presentempty sections to the rockers. The grip-frame, being released from thecam b by the agency of the toothed sector P and cam D will spring overand grip the bristles on the blade P and will hold said brist1es whilebeing delivered to their respective forms, the said frame being at oncereturned by the cam b to its respective position. The delivery iseffected by means of the gearing on rocker-shafts in connection with thepawl and ratchet and the levers mounted thereto. The cam L in itsrotation willlift the levers (Z cl and cause the pawl to engage theratchet O one-quarter turn and hold same idle until at a point in therotation of said cam, the lever-pin "0 being released,the spring 8 willpull the levers down and cause the ratchet to turn the rockersone-quarter turn and no more, thus bringing the rocker-blades andbristles from a horizontal to a vertical position and in line with forms0, as in Fig. 7.

Immediately upon delivery of the bristles to the forms 0 the bristleholder a will be thrown in position and hold the bristles in the formsuntil the cup M has received the bristles and they have also passed backof the bristle-guard R. Held in the forms by the guard R and cups M thebristles will be subjected to a succession of shocks from the vibratingrim R as they pass around a por tion of the machine. The result of theabove action on the bristles now held loosely in the forms will causethe ends of said bristles 'ilZO assume a contour similar to that of thecup in which they are being settled, the vibration ceasing at section F.The compressor F, influenced by the bar a in the radial arm andoperating against the cam I-I, will push the compressors outwardly, andthe compressors being of smaller diameter than the forms will compressthe bristles to the size required for cementing and binding, Figs. 1 and7. The forms, with the bristles now compressed, will move forward tohave cementapplied to the ends thereof. This is accomplished through themedium of the disk-wheel B which, drawingits supply of cement from thesupply-wheel K leave a portion of the cement in the ends of will workits disks through the bristles and the same, Figs. 1, 7, and 11. Now itis evident that the ends of the bristles while in motion must have aperfectly-free pass, as any interference therewith would have a tendencyto disarrange and pull the bristles out of the forms, and to preventthis the cementwheel is so formed that it will only be in contact withthe bristles t' while the cam K is running idle and the geanplate B isat rest, (see Fig. 11,) the said cementing-wheel B having a portion ofits diskscut away, so that only a part is in contact with bristles andthen only when the forms 0 are at rest, the disks then leaving thebristles until the forms come at rest again, Figs. 7 and 11. The nextstep will be to bind the cemented ends of the bristles with twosheet-metal strips. The strip M, having been slitted and formed in therecesses in the forming-Wheel C and registering with the bristles 2' inone of the compressors F so that the center of one of the projections Kwill occupy a point exactly opposite the points of the upsettingjawsf.f, it will be seen in Fig. 1 that the center of the compressor F has notbeen moved so as to come directly under the upsetting-jaws, as it isdesired to show the compressor points and jaws f and f the more clearly.The proper construction is, however, correctly shown in Fig. 16. (SeeFig. 16.) The strip B perforated, as shown in Fig. 8, having been drawnfrom the reel and to a point beyond the projections K so that the saidprojection, with the tongues m, from strip M will pass through one ofthe perforations f in strip 13. Now at this point in the operation thecompressor F, with bristles 2' and the forming-wheel C will be at rest,due to the cam K runningidle through the gear-plate B. The bar f at thispoint is also released from the cam A and the up setting-jaws f and f,influenced by the springs f will turn the jaws outwardly and engage andupset the tongues m against the strip B thus clenching and binding thebristles and strips together, Figs. 16 and 19. The bristles and stripsare next bound with wire, and the mass as formed is brought forward inthe movement of the machine to a point opposite the punch S in thebar-head r and the wire jaws n W, Figs. 1, 25, and 26. The gear-plate Bbeing at rest at this point, the punch S, moving on its axis in thestand f and operated by the cam e, will pierce a hole slightly curvedthrough the mass of bristles 2 and strips M and B The cam e in itsrotation will now release the barhead 7*, and by pressure of springf onthe bar H the punch will be withdrawn and return to position shown inFig. 26. The next forward movement of the bristles will present thepierced hole to the wire 4", retained by the jaws n 01 and during therest in the movement before referred to the wire 1 will be forcedthrough the hole and beyond the strip M. The cutting-shear by the actionof cam it will now out the wire 1', leaving an end projecting beyondstrip B In the same movement that the wire is forced in the bristles thepunch Swillalsomake anotherhole,the punchingand wiring being repeated asoften as necessary. The wire 4' is carried through a curved pipe P saidcurve producing sufficient friction on the wire to retain the wire inposition when the jaws n a release the said wire on their the bar 6 andcam n on cam-shaft K will throw cams e n 6 out of action at the desiredstroke and releasing will allow said cams to be returned to action bythe springs 3 The final step in the operation will be to clench theprojecting wire ends 1', and is efiected by the clenching roller 7",against which said wire ends are drawn on the side M, the curved plate1" turning the wire ends on the B side. The half brush-knots as nowcompleted are passed away from the machine by any convenient means.

Figs. 28 and 29 are perspective views of the finished product and show avery good form of the half-knots as they come from the machine.

Having thus described my invention, I

claim and desire to secure by Letters ent- 1. In an organized machine,for making half brush-knots, in combination, a suitable frame, mechanismto hold and turn a bend in bristles, means to impart motion to same,mechanism to deliver said bristles to forms, means to actuate the same,mechanism to temporarily hold and guide said bristles, means to move thesame, a rotatable geared plate, means to impart an intermittent motionthereto, a series of stands and forms mounted on said gear,substantially as set forth.

2. In a machine for making half brushknots, in combination, a suitablehousing, a pair of bristle-rockers, a grip-frame over one of saidrockers, means to support and guide same, a grip cam and shaft, andmeans to support and reciprocate same, substantially as set forth.

3. In a machine, for making half brushknots, in combination, a frame, apair of bris tle-rockers, a grip-frame on one of said rockers, means tosupport and guide same, a grip Palicam and shaft, means to support andreciprocate same, a toothed sector, in combination with a cam andpinion, and means to impart a rotary motion to same, substantially asset forth.

4:. In an organized machine, for making half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable housing and frame, a pair of bristle-rockers,with supporting-shaft, adapted to carry gears, a geared shaft incombination therewith, a frame mounted thereon, a ratchet and pawlwithin said frame, adapted to turn said shaft, substantially as setforth.

5. In an organize-1 machine, for making half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable housing and frame, a pair of bristle-rockers,with supporting shafts, adapted to carry gears, a geared shaft incombination therewith, a frame mounted thereon, a ratchet and pawlwithin said frame, a pair of levers to raise and lower said frame, a pinand spring attached to one of said levers, a cam to operate said levers,and means to impart motion thereto, substantially as set forth.

6. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable frame, a rotatable geared plate, mounted on astud, said plate carrying a series of vertical stands, provided withradial arms, to support bristle-forms, means to convey a charge ofbristles to same, said forms adapted to present said bristles,successively to the operative parts of the machine, and means forimparting intermittent and rotatory motion to geared plate,such meansconsisting of a screwthreaded cam, engaging said gear, substantially asset forth.

7. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable frame, a rotatable geared plate, mounted axiallyon a stud, said plate carrying a series of vertical stands, providedwith radial arms, to support bristle-forms, means to convey a charge ofbristles to same, said forms adapted to present said bristles,successively to the operative parts of the machine, and means forimparting, intermittent rotary motion to geared plate,such meansconsisting of a screwthreaded cam, engaging said gear, a series ofbristle-compressors,adapted to work over said bristle-forms,substantially as set forth.

8. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, a rotatable geared plate, a series of vertical stands,provided with radial arms, supporting bristleforms, said forms adaptedto present bristles to the operative parts of machine, a series ofbristle-compressors, working over said forms, a shoulderedcompressor-bar, a roller affixed thereto, a compressor-cam, adapted tomove said bar, and a spring adapted to move said compressor,substantially as set forth.

9. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable frame,a rotatable geared plate, means to actuatethe same, a series of vertical stands with radial arms, a series ofbristle-forms, a lever pivoted to each stand, a bristle-cup affixed toone end of said lever, a cam to operate said levers, a curved apron orbelt adapted to hold and guide said bristles, substantially as setforth.

10. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable frame, a vibrating rim,a spur attached to saidrim, said rim to contact with bottom of levercups, means to impartvibratory motion to said rim and cups, such means consisting of arotating spur-wheel in contact with rimspur, and adapted to lift anddrop said rimlevers and bristle-cups, and cause said bristles to assumea contour like inside of cups, means to actuate same, substantially asset forth. I

11. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable frame, a rotatable geared plate, supporting aseries of stands and bristle-forms, a series of bristle-compressors, acement-pot, a flexible-faced supply-wheel, a cementing-wheel formed of aseries of disks, a pair of brackets affixed to cement-pot, to supportmeans to supply motion to cement-wheels and impart motion toeccentric-operating reciprocating shaft.

12. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, with a series of binding instrumentalities, a rotatablegeared plate, a series of stands, and forms, with bristle-compressors, afixed supportingplate, a reel to carry a strip of sheet metal, a pair oftension-rollers, adapted to guide said metal strip, a slitting andforming die, a slitting-punch, to slit and form tongues in said metalstrip, and means to actuate same, substantially as set forth.

13. In a machine, for forming half brushknots, in combination, with aseries of binding instrumentalities, a fixed supportingplate, a reelto'carrya strip of sheet metal, a pair of tension-rollers, adapted toguide said metal strip, a slitting and forming die, a slitting-punch, toslit and form tongues, in said metal strip, means to actuate the same, aforming-wheel, having recesses cut at intervals, in the face thereof,said recesses, being adapted to receive said metal strip from saidforming-die, substantially as set forth.

14. In a machine, for forming half brushknots, in combination, withbinding instrumentalities, a fixed plate, a reel to carry a strip ofsheet metal, a pair of tension-rollers, to guide said metal strip, asplitting and forming die, a slitting-punch, to slit and form tongues,in said metal strip, means to actuate the same, a forming-Wheel, havingrecesses cut at intervals, in the face thereof, said recesses beingadapted to receive said metal strip, from said forming-die, a curvedprojection, between said recesses, said projection, being adapted toforce outwardly, the tongues in said metal strip, a pair of recessedtangential jaws, adapted to contact with said tongues, and means tooperate the same, substantially as set forth.

15. In a machine, for forming half brushknots, in combination, withbinding instrumentalities, a pair of tangential jaws, recessed in themeeting ends thereof, said jaws adapted to turn and upset aforesaidtongues, a cam adapted to encounter a bar, said bar actuating aforesaidjaws, a frame, supporting means, to impart motion, to said bindinginstrumentalities, substantially as set forth.

16. In an organized machine, for forming half brush-knots, incombination, with a device for supporting a series of stands, andbristle-forms, and compressors, and presenting them in succession, tothe piercing and wiring instrumentalities, and upright bar, andbar-head, means to move same axially, a punch secured to said bar-head,and means to move same, substantially as set forth.

17. In a machine, for forming half brushknots, in combination, withpiercing and wiringinstrumentalities,an upright bar, and barhead, meansto move same axially, a punch secured to said bar-head, and means tomove same, a fixed jaw in bar-head, a movable jaw, working on astud insaid bar-head, and adapted to member with said fixed jaw.

18. In a machine, for forming half brushknots, in combination, withpiercing and wiring, instrumentalities, a bar and bar-head, means tomove same axially, a punch secured to said bar-head, afixed jaw, in saidbar-head, a movable jaw, working on a stud, in said barhead, and adaptedto member with said fixed jaw, and means to move same, a wire-cuttingshear, overlapping said fixed jaw, and means to move same, substantiallyas set forth.

19. In a machine, for forming half brushknots, in combination, withpiercing and wiring, instrumentalities, and upright bar, and bar-head,means to move same axially, a punch secured to said bar-head, a fixedjaw in said bar-head, a movable jaw working on a stud, in said bar-head,and adapted to memher with said fixed jaw, means to move same, awire-cutting shear, overlapping said fixed jaw, and adapted to cut apiece of wire therefrom, means to move same, a curved pipe, adapted topass, or retain said wire, means to move said wire, means to support,and hold said curved pipe, a wire-reel, and means to support same,substantially as set forth.

20. In a machine, for forming half brushknots, in combination withpiercing and wirrupee ing instrumentalities, and upright bar, and barhead, means to move same axially, a punch secured to said bar-head, afixed jaw in said bar-head,'a movable jaw, working on a stud in saidbar-head, and adapted to memher with said fixed jaw, means to move same,a wire-cutting shear, overlapping said fixed jaw, and adapted to cut apiece of wire therefrom, means to move same, a curved pipe adapted topass or retain said wire, means to support and hold said curved pipe, areciprocating lever, a lever-bar, an end of which is slotted, a pinaifixed to said bar, and adapted to contact with a cam, a frame tosupport said lever, a grooved shaft, supporting means to operate bar andbar-head, and devices thereon, said shaft adapted to be reciprocated byaforesaid lever, substantially as set forth.

21. In an organized machine, for making half brush-knots, incombination, a suitable frame, a reciprocating bar, working in a fixedguide and controlled by a spring, a curved clenching-plate, a curvedapron, to hold-and guide bristles in forms, means to support said apron,substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereuntosigned my name this th (layof August, A. D. 1900.

JOSEPH F. MUMFORD. In presence of HARRY O. BLAoK, WILLIAM C. JONES.

